By deterritorializing cultural belonging, “The Heroic Slave” depicts the liminal position of African Americans, suspended between the nation-state and the black diaspora. By the time Douglass wrote The Heroic Slave, he had come a long way from his commitment to Garrisonian nonviolence. The narrative written by Frederick Douglass was based on the famous Creole revolt led by an enslaved cook, Madison Washington. Frederick Douglass’s The Heroic Slavefollows the enslaved Black man Madison Washington in his fight for freedom, fulfilling Douglass’s wish to bring a slave hero out of darkness and into the political history of the United States. The text also intimates Douglass's increasing recognition of transnationalism as an affective system of imagined belonging based on either a shared belief (in democracy) or racial contingency. Through its protagonist, Washington, who is thoroughly versed in the vocabulary of United States nationalism, “The Heroic Slave” discloses the incongruence between the rhetoric of nationalism and its materialization as a failure of democratic enactment. Taking two specific problems in his imagination–the rhetoric of democracy and transnationalism–I reassess the concept of national affiliation for African Americans when political citizenship is denied. Beginning with a reconsideration of the symbolic ending of “The Heroic Slave,” where Madison Washington and his compatriots find themselves in the Bahamas and not the United States, this article works through Frederick Douglass's understanding of national affiliation.
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